[01] Metatrepetai apo pneymona toy planhth, se rypanth o Amazonios

Ta dash, o fysikos tamieythras diojeidioy toy anqraka, h sxedon anejodh lysh gia thn epibradynsh toy fainomenoy toy qermokhpioy, dioloy bebaio einai oti qa diathrhsoyn ton eyergetiko rolo toys. Ektetamenh jhrasia sto dasos ths broxhs toy Amazonioy persi eixe ws apotelesma na parajei o ``pneymonas toy planhth'' perissotero diojeidio toy anqraka apo o,ti aporrofhse. Kai ayto odhgei, piqanon, se epitaxynsh ths yperqermanshs toy planhth.

Se ayth th dysoiwnh arxikh ektimhsh katelhjan episthmones apo th Bretania kai th Brazilia. To dasos toy Amazonioy, poy kaqe xrono aporrofa peripoy 1,5 disekatommyria tonoys diojeidioy toy anqraka, anamenetai, toso to 2010, oso kai to 2011, oxi monon na mhn aporrofhsei thn ethsia posothta, alla na apeleyqerwsei sthn atmosfaira mesa sta epomena xronia epipleon 5 disekatommyria tonoys, molis sapisoyn ta dentra ta opoia ``peqanan'' kata thn persinh jhrasia. Mia jhrasia poy htan megalyterh apo thn jhrasia toy 2005 kai eixe xarakthristei ``gegonos poy symbainei mia fora sta 100 xronia''.

H sygkrish twn ariqmwn einai eyglwtth: Oi ekpompes apo th xrhsh oryktwn kaysimwn stis HPA anhlqan to 2009 se 5,4 disekatommyria tonoys diojeidioy toy anqraka enw, thn idia xronia, oi ekpompes apo ton megalytero rypanth toy planhth, thn Kina, aggijan ta 7,7 disekatommyria tonoys.

Mia spania jhrasia eplhje thn perioxh toy Amazonioy to 2005, poy skotwse dentra mesa sto dasos ths broxhs. To dasos epace na aporrofa diojeidio toy anqraka apo thn atmosfaira kai kaqws ta ``peqamena'' dentra sapizan sto edafos apeleyqerwnan me th seira toys diojeidio toy anqraka.

H jhrasia toy 2010 htan megalyterh kai o epikefalhs syggrafeas ths meleths Saimon Lioyis toy panepisthmioy toy Lints sth Bretania epishmainei oti ``to na exeis dyo gegonota tetoioy megeqoys na diadexontai toso syntoma to ena to allo, einai spanio. Dystyxws, omws, symfwnei me ekeina ta montela klimatikwn prognwsewn poy "problepoyn" zofero mellon gia thn Amazonia''.

Dyo asynhqistes kai akraies jhrasies mesa se mia dekaetia endexetai na antistaqmisoyn sto megalytero pososto to diojeidio toy anqraka poy aporrofatai sto idio diasthma apo ta ygih dash toy Amazonioy. O fobos twn episthmonwn poy synergasthkan sthn ereyna einai oti an paromoia gegonota epanalhfqoyn pio syxna tote to dasos toy Amazonioy endexetai na fqasei sto shmeio poy qa metatrapei, apo enan polytimo tamieythra shmera kai o opoios epibradynei thn allagh toy klimatos, se mia meizona phgh ekpompwn, poy qa thn epitaxynei.

``Gia na to poyme xwris peristrofes, oi shmerinoi dromoi poy akoloyqoyn oi ekpompes aeriwn toy qermokhpioy ricokindyneyoyn na paijoyn "rwsikh royleta" me to megalytero dasos ths broxhs ston planhth'', proeidopoiei o Saimon Lioyis.

O Paoylo Mpranto, apo to Institoyto Periballontikhs Ereynas gia ton Amazonio (IPAM), leei oti ``ta apotelesmata ths ereynas mas prepei na antimetwpistoyn ws arxikh ektimhsh. Den jeroyme posa akribws dentra "skotwqhkan" mexris otoy oloklhrwqoyn oi metrhseis toy dasoys sto edafos''. Oi episthmones apo ta bretanika panepisthmia toy Lints kai toy Sefilnt sth Bretania kai apo to IPAM sth Brazilia anelysan stoixeia apo doryforo gia tis broxoptwseis se ektash peripoy 2 ekatommyriwn tetragwnikwn xiliometrwn sto dasos ths broxhs ston Amazonio kata thn periodo ths perysinhs jhrasias.

Fysiologika, o kyklos jhrasiwn poy plhttoyn ton Amazonio ephreazei tis boreies perioxes kai sysxetizetai me to fainomeno ``El Ninio'' ston Eirhniko. Toso, omws, h jhrasia toy 2005 oso kai h persinh eplhjan arketa pio noties perioxes kai endexetai na syndeontai me ychloteres qermokrasies ths epifaneias toy Atlantikoy sthn tropikh zwnh.

Oi episthmones, poy synergasthkan sth meleth - dhmosieyetai me titlo ``H jhrasia toy 2010 ston Amazonio'' sto shmerino teyxos ths epiqewrhshs Science - ypogrammizoyn oti h ejhghsh ayth einai, pros to paron, mia ypoqesh poy anamenei ejetash apo synadelfoys twn, sto ychlotero dynato episthmoniko epipedo.

Wstoso, o Piter Koj toy panepisthmioy toy Ejeter, poy anelyse thn jhrasia toy 2005, einai apolytos: ``Oi jhrasies sthn Amazonia to 2005 kai 2010 sxetizontai kai oi dyo me asynhqista ychles qermokrasies toy Atlantikoy sthn tropikh zwnh. Ayto exei thn tash na wqei tis pio entones broxoptwseis se pio boreies perioxes kai na kaqysterei thn periodo twn broxoptwsewn sthn Amazonia''.

APE Eidhsh: 59030

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