[01] "Na gyrisoyme epiteloys selida"

O prwqypoyrgos tonise thn anagkh qesmikwn allagwn kai kalese ton proedro ths ND na symbalei me sygkekrimenes protaseis sthn anatroph enos politikoy systhmatos poy odhghse to eqnos sth pio krisimh stigmh toy, opws eipe, diaforetika, ``oi polites qa mas paroyn me tis petres''.

``Bohqhste na jekaqarisoyn oi terasties plhges poy mas gyrizoyn pisw. Einai eqnikh eyqynh olwn. Mhn akoloyqhsete th mikrokommatikh politikh toy prokatoxoy sas. Egw eixa pei kai to epanalambanw kai shmera. An den perasei to aisqhma dikaioy kai ths eynomias qa mas paroyn me tis petres. Apaitw th symbolh olwn kai tis dikes sas protaseis'', tonise xarakthristika o k. Papandreoy.

``Htan kai einai apaithsh mas h diafaneia pantoy me kanones logodosias, xtyphma ths diafqoras, na diereynhqoyn se baqos oles oi megales ypoqeseis kakodiaxeirishs'' eipe o prwqypoyrgos anaferontas metajy allwn tis ypoqeseis twn omologwn kai ths Zhmens.

Apo thn pleyra toy, o proedros ths ND shmeiwse oti o megalos exqros toy topoy einai h anergia kai oti se liges meres to komma toy qa kataqesei oloklhrwmenh protash gia ta zhthmata ths oikonomias xwris komporrhmosynh kai xarakthrise laqos na prospaqoyme na rixnoyme tis eyqynes sto xqes.

Aformh ths antiparaqesh twn dyo politikwn arxhgwn, htan h epikairh erwthsh toy k. Samara sxetika me thn allagh toy diakanonismoy twn synallagwn twn ellhnikwn omologwn, (T+10), amesws meta tis ekloges.

O proedros ths ND milhse gia ``laqos sobaro kai asygxwrhto'' poy apodeiknyei, opws eipe, oti h kybernhsh den hjere ti ekane kai den katalabaine kaqws epi mhnes, enw h xwra mas htan sto stoxastro twn kerdoskopwn, to idio diasthma dieyrynqhkan ta periqwria kerdoskopias xwris na elegxontai.

``Monoi mas paraleicame na elegjoyme toys kerdoskopoys enw emeis oi idioi hmastan ta kyriws qymata ths kerdoskopias. Ayto to laqos den exei ejhghsh. Toylaxisto as to paradexteite. Opws blepete ejantloyme thn kalopistia mas apenanti sas. Laqos sas katalogizoyme oxi proqesh. Eseis jekinhsate na lete alla qemata, san na yparxei myga poy sas mygiazei'', shmeiwse xarakthristika o k Samaras.

Taytoxrona, epekrine thn kybernhsh oti apanta me kaqysterhsh 45 hmerwn se ena qema zhthma gia to opoio exoyn ginei koinoboyleytikes parembaseis kai apo boyleytes toy PASOK.

Opws yposthrije o k Samaras me to systhma ``T+10'', toso oi dieqneis organismoi oso kai oi dieqneis oikonomologoi tonizoyn epimona thn anagkh aysthrhs thrhshs epopteias twn kaqorismenwn proqesmiwn diakanonismoy wste na meiwqei o kindynos na yparjoyn akalyptes qeseis kai na diasfalistei systhmatikh staqerothta stis agores.

Antapantwntas, o k. Papandreoy afhse anoixto to endexomeno allaghs toy qesmikoy plaisioy se oti afora thn leitoyrgia toy xrhmatopistwtikoy systhmatos kai twn synallagwn kai zhthse apo ton k. Samara na kataqesei tis dikes toy protaseis enw symfwnhse oti h anergia einai ena apo ta megalytera problhmata ths xwras tonizontas oti gia th kybernhsh einai stis ameses proteraiothtes ths.

``Xairomai poy qelete na eiste epoikodomhtikos. Ayto einai poly shmantiko giati se alla krisima zhthmata gia ton topo, opws ta metra poy anagkasthkame na paroyme, den to kanate. Qa htan poly shmantikh h symbolh ths ND gia to eqnos an ta eixate sthrijei kai na dwsoyme ston ellhniko lao ena aisqhma sympagoys prospaqeias. Xairomai epishs poy oi boyleytes shmera pairnoyn metra kai prwtoboylia gia th diafaneia giati epi hmerwn sas yioqethqhke ena systhma xalarwshs twn qesmwn'', prosqese o prwqypoyrgos.

O proedros toy LAOS Giwrgos Karatzaferhs, me aformh thn erwthsh toy k. Samara (alla kai twn deka boyleytwn toy PASOK), zhthse na proselqei o dioikhths ths TtE G. Probopoylos kai na dwsei ejhghseis sthn Epitroph Qesmwn Diafaneias ths Boylhs.

Oi deka boyleytes toy PASOK me epikefalhs th Basw Papandreoy, zhtoysan me erwthsh toys dieykriniseis sxetika me thn allagh twn diadikasiwn diakanonismoy twn synallagwn epi twn ellhnikwn omologwn.

Apanthsh se epikairh erwthsh toy Al.Tsipra

H kybernhsh exei kanei kinhseis pros thn kateyqynsh toy elegxoy ths agoras kai qa kanei kai alles sto mellon. Xwris wstoso isxyro katanalwtiko kinhma kai me th xwra sthn epithrhsh, klhronomia ths Neas Dhmokratias, oi ypoyrgoi den mporoyn na lysoyn to problhma ths akribeias - anefere sth Boylh o Prwqypoyrgos, G. Papandreoy, apantwntas se epikairh erwthsh toy proedroy toy SYRIZA, Alejh Tsipra gia tis ``anejelegktes anatimhseis'' poy parathroyntai.

``Ti kaname toys oktw mhnes poy eimaste kybernhsh; Einai poly basiko na leitoyrghsei to parathrhthrio timwn, epitrepontas ston katanalwth na parakoloyqei soyper market kai agores. Deyteron oi agoranomikoi elegxoi me ta prostima. Oi Perifereies qa prepei na exoyn isxyres elegktikes arxes kai epopteia - akoma kai stis laxanagores. Exoyme prowqhsei agoranomikes diatajeis opws p.x. sta farmaka, opoy epitygxanetai gia ta tameia, ofelos 140 ek. eyrw mhniaiws. Pagwsame ta didaktra sta idiwtika ekpaideythria, dwsame entolh, gia prwth fora, ypobolhs fakelwn tekmhriwshs twn endoomilikwn synallagwn. Qeloyme mia anejarthth kai isxyrh Epitroph Antagwnismoy gia na teleiwnoyme me toys koymparoys'' anefere o prwqypoyrgos, enw afierwse megalo meros ths apanthshs toy se perigrafh ths katastashs sthn agora.

``Eiste prwqypoyrgos oktw mhnes kai den arkoyn oi diapistwseis. Bebaiws qa prepei na yparjei organwsh toy katanalwtikoy kinhmatos, alla yparxei kai mia kybernhsh poy analwnei polla gia thn epikoinwnia kai liga gia thn antimetwpish twn problhmatwn'' apanthse o Al. Tsipras.

O epikefalhs toy SYRIZA shmeiwse pws enw oi misqoi meiwnontai, alla "oi times traban thn anhfora, kyriws sta eidh laikhs katanalwshs", anefere pws symfwna me ereyna ths nomarxias Peiraia, oi times twn eisagomenwn ektojeyontai apo 180% ews 450% kai anarwthqhke poios qa elegjei aythn thn aisxrokerdeia. ``Otan to katanalwtiko kinhma eipe ``"en plhrwnoyme", katasthsate thn arnhsh forologiko adikhma. Qa kanete to idio gia thn prostasia twn katanalwtwn kai gia ton elegxo twn timwn;'', eipe o k. Tsipras.

``EBrhkame mia katastash me th xwra se epithrhsh - gi' ayto oi agores eixan thn eykairia na kerdoskophsoyn'' antapanthse o prwqypoyrgos.

``Jeroyme ti qeloyme na kanoyme, alla prepei na broyme to problhma. Ta symferonta einai polla kai pantoy kai einai kai mesa sto kratos, tis leitoyrgies toy. Exoyme terastia perioysia poy qeloyme na ajiopoihsoyme pros ofelos toy laoy me tropo diafanh. Ayta omws, apaitoyn anatropes poy den ejyphretoyntai me genikologo epanastatiko logo. Sth maxh ayth den perimename mhden kritikh, alla na symballete. Perimenete apo 15 ypoyrgoys na lysoyn ta problhmata ths koinwnias an den yparxei ena isxyro katanalwtiko kinhma;''

``Fygete apo tis eykoles epanastatikes koybentes kai elate sthn pragmatikh maxh poy dinei ayth h kybernhsh - kai qa ta kataferei'' katelhje o Prwqypoyrgos.

Apanthsh se epikairh erwthsh G.Karatzaferh

Metra gia thn patajh toy paraemporioy ejhggeile apo thn Boylh, o k. Papandreoy, apantwntas se epikairh erwthsh toy proedroy toy LAOS Giwrgoy Karatzaferh.

O prwqypoyrgos ekane logo gia ena xronizon kai megalo qema, to opoio blaptei ta esoda toy kratoys, ephreazei thn nomimh idiwtikh epixeirhmatikothta, afora toys idioys toys katanalwtes, thn poiothta kai thn asfaleia twn proiontwn, enw dhmioyrgei problhmata se polloys epaggelmaties afoy sto xwro ayto anaptyssontai kai alles paranomes drasthriothtes (laqremporio, parabiash ths nomoqesias gia thn pneymatikh idiokthsia k.a.)

Para tis poly megales dyskolies einai ki ayto ena meros ths megalhs maxhs poy dinei h kybernhsh gia thn diafaneia kai thn eynomia, shmeiwse o prwqypoyrgos kai ypogrammise oti to problhma den mporei na antimetwpistei monon me katastaltika metra, alla apaiteitai syllogikh drasthriopoihsh kai syntonismenh synergasia se baqos xronoy, olwn twn emplekomenwn forewn. Gia ayto ton logo qesmoqetoyntai koines draseis kai energeiwn apo oloys toys foreis (OTA kai ypoyrgeia).

O k. Papandreoy apedwse to megeqos toy problhmatos kai sthn grafeiokratia, stis pollaples armodiothtes kai oi opoies dhmioyrgoyn ena periploko kommati gia na tonisei oti o Kallikraths qa paizei shmantiko rolo sto na spasei h grafeiokratia.

Anaptyssontas thn erwthsh toy, o k. Karatzaferhs ekane logo gia ayjhsh toy paraemporioy, gegonos poy afairei esoda ta opoia fqanoyn se 4 dis. apo ton apwlesqenta FPA, ``thn mish dhladh dosh toy Maioy apo ta xrhmata poy phrame''. Eipe pws yparxoyn 17.000 mikropwlhtes oi opoioi plhttoyn akribws ton antistoixo ariqmo magaziwn, symplhrwnontas oti ``xasame th biomhxania apo laqh twn dyo megalwn kommatwn kai kindyneyoyme na xasoyme kai to emporio''. Prosqese pws oso ptwxeyei o ellhnikos laos katafeygei sto paraemporio. Ws apotelesma o k. Karatzaferhs anefere oti einai o afanismos 12 kladwn, logw ths eisagwghs apo thn Kina ypodhmatwn, royxwn ki allwn proiontwn - "maimoy". Zhthse apo ton prwqypoyrgo na ``kanete oti ekane o Tzoyliani, poy katestrefe to paranomo proion'', anaferontas pws an den patajoyme to fainomeno exoyme diarroh 12 dis. Proteine epishs opoios ejagei xrhmata sto ejwteriko na einai forologikws enhmeros. ``Yparxoyn tropoi arkei na synodeyontai apo boylhsh kai qelhsh'' katelhje.

[02] 'Ydra. Oi Ellhnes hrwes ths Argentinhs, h Ebita Peron, spania eggrafa...

Einai h istoria dyo Ellhnwn naytikwn, poy egkataleipontas tis idiaiteres patrides toys, mesa apo ena periergo paixnidi sygkyriwn, eftasan na sygkatalegontai anamesa toys eqnikoys hrwes ths Argentinikhs Anejarthsias.

Akomh kai shmera, o episkepths ths Ydras brisketai mprosta se mia anaglyfh epigrafh sto limani ths, poy martyra thn istoria. Prokeitai gia thn timhtikh epigrafh, poy ena argentiniko karabi egkatesthse sto nhsi prin ta mesa toy aiwna, gyrw sto 1937.

Sto de moyseio toy nhsioy, filojeneitai ena "dwro" ths Ebitas Peron, apo to 1949, pros timhn toy "Gewrgioy" h Jorge h alliws Nikolaoy Kolmaniath.

Alla, as paroyme ta pragmata apo thn arxh, parakoloyqwntas toys Kolmaniath kai Spyroy sth diadromh poy toys odhghse sthn Argentinh ki exei apo ola: egklhmata timhs, aera Gallikhs Epanastashs, perasmata apo th Malta, to Basileio ths Neapolews kai th Rwsia, hrwismo poy jeperna ta anqrwpina, akomh kai mia "Karmen".

Ena epeisodio timhs, mia lipotajia kai o aeras ths Gallikhs Epanastashs

To 1784, sthn Ydra gennhqhke ena paidi, poy baftisthke Nikolaos kai grhgora fanerwse anhsyxo pneyma, to opoio ypogrammisthke apo ton anemo fileleyqerwn idewn sto nhsi. Neotatos akomh, o Nikolaos Kolmaniaths, arxise na tajideyei kai poly grhgora diakriqhke. Ton Ioylio toy 1952, o tote dioikhths ths Emporonaytikhs Sxolhs Ydras, Qeofanhs Kallitsas, grafei sth "NAYTIKH ELLAS" oti o nearos Nikolaos anagkasthke na egkataleicei to nhsi opoy gennhqhke, ejaitias enos epeisodioy timhs.

Diabazoyme stis selides ths mhniaias ekdoshs: "Kapoios apo toys qraseis pallhkarades toy topoy enoxloyse th gynaika toy. [...] San emaqe to neo, o Kolmaniaths yphretoyse ston toyrkiko stolo. Xwris polloys distagmoys, lipotakthse kai eftase sthn Ydra, opoy prokalese ton andra se monomaxia kai ton maxairwse. Etsi, fobhqeis th syllhci apo ton aysthro dioikhth toy nhsioy, Gewrgh Boylgarh kai thn apostolh toy sthn Kwnstantinoypolh gia na dikastei, opoy asfalws qa yfistato martyriko qanato, oxi toso gia to fono oso gia th lipotajia, phre mia barka me pani kai ejafanisthke".

Xronia meta, ixnh toy entopizontai sth Malta kai ligo argotera sto Basileio ths Neapolews. Ekei, symfwna me tis efhmerides ths epoxhs, o Nikolaos antistaqhke stis diwjeis politwn, poy jekinhse h kybernhsh, me skopo na ekmhdenisei to epanastatiko reyma, poy kateklyse thn Eyrwph meta th Gallikh Epanastash.

Oi ejelijeis apo ekei kai pera, htan ragdaies: egkateleice thn perioysia poy eixe dhmioyrghsei sth Napolh kai breqhke sth Rwsia, opoy katataxqhke sto Polemiko Naytiko. Syntoma toy aponemhqhke o baqmos toy plwtarxh, kaqws ektimhqhkan oi ikanothtes toy.

Apo th Rwsia sto nhsi Martin Gkarqia gia mia gigantomaxia

Opws edeixnan ola, eixe mprosta toy mia ejairetikh stadiodromia sto rwsiko polemiko naytiko. Alla tote, kati allo trabhje thn prosoxh toy. Htan to 1810, otan arxisan oi acimaxies metajy Argentinwn kai Ispanwn, gia thn anejarthsia twn prwtwn apo to ispaniko stemma, me prwtostath ton Xose nte San Martin. O Nikolaos apofasise tote na afhsei pisw toy th Rwsia kai to alhqino toy onoma kai na parei to ceydwnymo Gewrgioy.

Sthn Argentinh eftase to 1811, exontas sto pleyro toy ton naytiko Samoyhl Spyroy, apo th Mytilhnh. Oi dyo toys gnwrizontai me ton Irlando Goylielmo Mpraoyn, ston opoio eixe anateqei h organwsh toy argentinikoy stoloy.

H istoria ths Argentinhs jekina na mnhmoneyei ton Nikolao Gewrgioy apo th 10h Martioy toy 1814, otan sth diarkeia mias naymaxias konta sto nhsi Martin Gkarqia, doqhke -opws maqainoyme apo tis efhmerides ths epoxhs- "mia gigantomaxia", sth diarkeia ths opoias, "meta apo polywro kai peismatwdh drash, etrecen eis fyghn toys Ispanoys".

Epikaloymenoi profanws thn ellhnikh yphkoothta toy hrwa, polloi istorikoi ths epoxhs xarakthrisan th naymaxia "omhrikh". Malista, kata symptwsh, h nayarxida sthn opoia epebaine o Ydraios naytikos, me thn idiothta toy ajiwmatikoy, eixe to epishs ellhniko onoma "Hraklhs".

To teleytaio tajidi toy Spyroy kai ths Karmen

Dipla ston "Hraklh", agwnizotan o Spyroy, kybernhths toy polemikoy "Karmen". Liges hmeres meta, to idio skari metefere ton gennaio naytiko sto teleytaio toy tajidi.

Htan sth naymaxia Arrozo de la Tsina, otan o Samoyhl, perikyklwmenos apo yperariqmoys Ispanoys kai, gia na mhn pesei h "Karmen" sta xeria toy exqroy, anatinaje to ploio, bazontas fwtia sthn pyritidapoqhkh toy.

O Kolmaniaths eikazetai oti eide thn ekrhjh, kaqws to ploio poy kybernoyse, to "Trinintat", sto opoio eixe apomeinei mono me ton yparxo toy kai elaxista melh toy katwteroy plhrwmatos, briskotan sxetika konta sthn "Karmen". Wstoso, katafere gia akomh mia fora na diafygei.

H epomenh anafora toy onomatos toy einai sto Montebideo, opoy "h gennaioths kai h mexri aperiskecias ormhtikoths toy ekanan qaymata". Prwtos aytos eishlqe sthn ejairetika strathgikh kai oxyrh ayth qesh. "Th stratiwtikh toy epityxia stefanwse kai shmantikoterh diplwmatikh, giati katorqwse na prosetairisqh yper twn Argentinwn, ton ajiomaxo strato kai stolo toy antipaloy", grafei h "NAYTIKH ELLAS".

Otan khryxqhke o polemos kata ths Brazilias, o Kolmaniaths anhke pia sto anwtero epiteleio toy stoloy. Elabe meros se oktw naymaxies to 1826, deka to 1827 kai treis to 1828.

To parashmo ths Argyras Aspidas kai h Ebita Peron

Sthn ellhnikh efhmerida "PATRIS-PATRIA" ths Notioy Amerikhs, diabazoyme stis 6 Ianoyarioy toy 1957: "Ote epanhlqe nikhths sto Boyenos Aires, kybernhths ths fregadas 'Aytokrateira', to 1828, etimhqh me to parashmo toy Tagmatos ths Argyras Aspidos. Ektote, polemika ths Argentinhs, sxolai kai odoi polewn kai kwmopolewn feroyn to onoma toy".

To 1937, ena antitorpiliko toy argentinoy stratoy ``baftisthke'' pros timhn toy Jorge, enw allo elabe to onoma toy Spyroy. Malista, to "ARA ESPIRO", sth diarkeia toy polemoy toy Kolpoy, eixe katapleysei ston Peiraia.

Shmera, sthn Ydra, dyo mnhmeia martyroyn thn istoria toy Kolmaniath. H mia einai h anaglyfh epigrafh sto "empa" toy nhsioy, sth Sxolh Emporoploiarxwn, opoy o Kolmaniaths apeikonizetai anamesa se dyo orqies gynaikes, poy symbolizoyn thn Ellada kai thn Argentinh.

H allh, mia protomh, poy sth bash ths anagrafei "JORGE", thn opoia h Ebita Peron dwrise ton Noembrio toy 1949 sto Istoriko Arxeio kai Moyseio Ydras (IAMY).

Ydra, ena nhsi poy myrizei istoria

Genika, kaqe stenaki ths Ydras myrizei istoria. O episkepths mporei na thn "aisqanqei" koitazontas to agalma toy Miaoylh poy atenizei to pelagos kai prospernwntas to spiti toy Koyntoyriwth. H blepontas -estw pisw apo proqhkes- kapoia apo ta 6.000 biblia (akomh kai palies h spanies ekdoseis apo to telos toy 17oy- arxes 18oy aiwna!) h ta 18.000 prwtogenh eggrafa, kwdikes kai katastixa ths proepanastatikhs, epanastatikhs kai metaepanastatikhs periodoy, poy fylassontai sto idryqen to 1918 Istoriko Arxeio-Moyseio ths Ydras.

Anamesa sta biblia, poy fylassontai se eidikes synqhkes qermokrasias, ygrasias kai aerismooy, yparxoyn akomh kai ekdoseis toy 18oy aiwna kai eikonografhmena, opws ejhghse sto APE-MPE h proistamenh ths biblioqhkhs kai toy IAMY, Kwnstantina Adamopoyloy, syggrafeas -mazi me thn Annita Prassa- ths monografias "Andreas Miaooylhs [1769-1835], Apo thn Ypodoylh ws thn eleyqerh Ellada".

"To prwto eggrafo toy arxeioy mas xronologeitai apo to 1708", ejhgei kai prosqetei oti anamesa sta 18.000 eggrafa perilambanetai h allhlografia ths koinothtas kai twn dhmogerontwn ths Ydras me alles epanastathmenes perioxes, emporikh allhlografia, proswpika arxeia kai atomikoi fakeloi.

``Pajimadi dia to Palermon''

Den einai ola ta eggrafa kai ta biblia toy arxeioy prosbasima ston episkepth -logw palaiothtas kai spaniothtas- alla oi endiaferomenoi mporoyn na paroyn mia "geysh" gia ta apla kai kaqhmerina -apo to ti emporeyotan to nhsi kai pws forologoyntan oi polites- mexri ta pio megala kai shmantika, opws to pws proetoimasthke sthn Ydra o apeleyqerwtikos agwnas.

Gia paradeigma: to 1799, Martioy prwth, sto katastixon toy koinoy tasnwn kai xaratziwn toy parontos xronoy, anaferetai h trofodosia pajimadioy apo "ton qanash toy bokoy" se karabi me proorismo thn Algeria. H to 1800, h posothta idioy proiontos "opoy edosamen dia to karabi toy kapetan gewrgh, dia to palermon kai mishna apo to foyrno toy qanash bokoy". To 1819 (11 Septembrioy), enhmerwtiko eggrafo twn proestwtwn, stalmeno pros thn arxhgo twn Ydraiwn Naytikwn ths Kwnstantinoypolhs, Kwnstanth Gkioysto.

Akroprwra apo ploia toy Agwna

To moyseio filojenei epishs keimhlia twn Balkanikwn kai toy A' kai B' Pagkosmioy polemoy, ydraikes endymasies, akroprwra kai akrostolia apo ploia toy Agwna kai istorikh pinakoqhkh me erga Ellhnwn kai jenwn zwgrafwn, kyriws elaiografies alla kai ydatografies me apeikoniseis ploiwn toy Agwna.

H Ydra, opoy den kykloforoyn aytokinhta, apotelei sigoyra idaniko proorismo gia ton tajidiwth poy anazhta ta ixnh ths ellhnikhs istorias kai arxitektonikhs. Oi polemistres kai ta kanonia, ta petrina arxontika twn agwnistwn ths Epanastashs - Miaoylh, Boylgarh, Koyntoyriwth, Kriezh- ta eji monasthria kai oi 300 ekklhsies qelgoyn ton "ypociasmeno" episkepth.

Anamesa sthn Ydra kai tis aktes ths Argolidas, endiaferon paroysiazei to nhsaki Dokos opoy einai egkatesthmenos apo to 1923 enas faros, me ycos pyrgoy ennea metra kai estiako 23. H perioxh ereynhqhke apo to Institoyto Enaliwn Arxaiologikwn Ereynwn (1989-1992) kai ston Doko breqhke to arxaiotero mexri stigmhs gnwsto nayagio sto Aigaio. H ypobryxia anaskafikh ereyna efere sto fws dyo liqines agkyres kai arketoys amforeis, alla oxi to idio to ploio. Symfwna me ta eyrhmata, to nayagio xronologeitai sthn ysterh Prwtoelladikh II periodo, metajy 2100 kai 2500 pX. Kai, fysika, oi yperoxes paralies ths, prosferontai gia idanikes diakopes.

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