[01] Na enhmerwqoyn oi polites

To eggrafo proorizetai na kykloforhsei gia enhmerwsh twn politwn anaforika me th lysh ths Omospondias. Ejhgei ti shmainei ``omospondia'' kai se ti diaferei apo to eniaio kratos kai ti shmainei ``dizwnikh, dikoinotikh omospondia''. Ta politika kommata qa melethsoyn to eggrafo kai qa proboyn se parathrhseis, wste to teliko keimeno na ekdoqei se eidiko fylladio kai na dianemhqei stoys polites. H kybernhsh Xristofia etoimazei ki alles prwtoboylies sto plaisio ths ekstrateias enhmerwshs poy exei ejaggeilei, oi opoies perilambanoyn endelexh enhmerwsh gia thn omospondia sygkekrimenwn koinwnikwn omadwn kaqws kai alles eidikes ekdhlwseis.

Ta kyria shmeia toy eggrafoy, poy dhmosieythkan stis efhmerides ``Fileleyqeros'' kai ``Poliths'', anaferoyn:

1. Ta krath, an ejetastoyn apo th skopia ths morfhs ths politeiakhs toys domhs, xwrizontai se dyo kathgories: Sta eniaia kai sta omospondiaka. To eniaio kratos einai ena aplo, kyriarxo kratos, poy xwrizetai se eparxies apokleistika gia dioikhtikoys skopoys. Oi eparxies aytes ypagontai kat' eyqeian sta nomoqetika, ektelestika kai dikastika organa toy kratoys. Edw prepei na jexwrisoyme tis ennoies ``eniaio'' kai ``enwmeno''. Den noeitai kratos poy na mhn einai enwmeno, poly perissotero sth dikh mas periptwsh, poy agwnizomaste gia thn epanenwsh ths Kyproy. H omospondia einai synqeto kratos, poy apoteleitai apo dyo toylaxiston perifereies, h kaqemia apo tis opoies exei ta dika ths organa ejoysias nomoqetikwn, ektelestikwn, dikastikwn organwn poy droyn mesa sta plaisia twn armodiothtwn poy toys paraxwrei to kentriko syntagma.

2. H basikh diafora ths synomospondias apo thn omospondia egkeitai sto oti h prwth den apotelei kratos apo monh ths, krath einai ta systatika ths merh. Enw sthn omospondia symbainei to antiqeto. Kratos apotelei mono h idia kai oxi ta systatika ths merh. H morfh ths politeiakhs domhs enos kratoys kaqorizetai apo mia seira oikonomikwn, gewgrafikwn, istorikwn h akomh kai politikwn paragontwn, apo thn eqnotikh toys systash, tis sxeseis twn diaforwn koinothtwn, omadwn k.a. Den yparxei kamia syntagh, kanena etoimo protypo omospondias, poy na efarmozetai omoiomorfa se ola ta krath poy epelejan ayth thn politeiakh domh. Yparxoyn shmera gyrw sta 20 omospondiaka krath se oles tis hpeiroys, poy katalambanoyn peripoy th mish ektash toy planhth kai s' ayta zei peripoy to 40% toy plhqysmoy ths ghs. Anamesa toys einai h Rwsikh Omospondia, oi HPA, o Kanadas, oi Indies, h Brazilia, h Argentinh, h Aystralia, h Germania k.a.

3.Ta gnwrismata ths Omospondias se basikes grammes einai:

a. H yparjh dyo toylaxiston perifereiwn - systatikwn merwn ths Omospondias me dika toys nomoqetika, ektelestika kai dikastika organa, kaqws kai syntagma se arketes periptwseis, panta omws me ierarxikh yperoxh toy omospondiakoy syntagmatos.

b. Diaxwrismos twn armodiothtwn metajy ths omospondias kai twn perifereiwn.

g. Kyriarxh einai mono h kentrikh ejoysia kai mono ayth exei dieqnh proswpikothta, dhladh thn ikanothta synachs dieqnwn synqhkwn kai symmetoxhs se dieqneis organismoys. Yparxei enothta edafoys, laoy kai oikonomias.

d. Yparxoyn, kata kanona, dyo Boyles, h Anw Boylh (Geroysia), poy ekproswpei tis perifereies kai poy synhqws h ekproswphsh toys se

ayth einai ish (p.x. HPA, Elbetia, Brazilia), kai h Katw Boylh, opoy h ekproswphsh ginetai kat' analogia plhqysmoy.

4. Dizwnikh - dikoinotikh

Mesa apo tis Symfwnies Ychloy Epipedoy, kaqws kai apo ta chfismata toy Symboylioy Asfaleias toy OHE, einai jekaqaro oti egine apodekth mia omospondia poy na apoteleitai apo dyo perioxes me antistoixh ellhnokypriakh kai toyrkokypriakh dioikhsh. To an aytes oi perioxes qa onomazontai eparxies, h politeies, h allws pws, den exei oysiastikh shmasia sto dieqnes dikaio. Shmasia exei oti qa exoyme dyo perioxes me antistoixh ellhnokypriakh kai toyrkokypriakh dioikhsh. Ayto einai poy ennooyme otan miloyme gia dizwnikothta kai tipota perissotero. O oros ``dizwnikh'' den perilambanetai sth Symfwnia Ychloy Epipedoy toy 1977. Shmasia, omws, exei to periexomeno kai oxi oi opoiesdhpote onomasies. Anaferetai, loipon, sth Symfwnia Makarioy-Ntenktas (1977):

``(1) Epidiwkoyme mia anejarthth, adesmeyth, dikoinotikh omospondiakh Dhmokratia. (2) To edafos poy qa telei ypo thn dioikhsh kaqe koinothtas qa prepei na

syzhthqei ypo to fws ths oikonomikhs biwsimothtas h paragwgikothtas kai ths idiokthsias ghs. (3) Zhthmata arxwn opws ths eleyqerias diakinhshs, eleyqerias egkatastashs, to dikaiwma perioysias kai alla eidika qemata, einai anoikta pros syzhthsh lambanomenhs ypoch ths qemeliwdoys bashs enos dikoinotikoy omospondiakoy systhmatos kai orismenwn praktikwn dyskoliwn poy qa mporoysan na egerqoyn gia thn toyrkokypriakh koinothta''.

Sth Symfwnia ginetai logos kai gia diasfalish ths enothtas ths xwras, oros poy apeyqynetai sthn toyrkokypriakh pleyra. To erwthma gia th dikh mas pleyra einai kata poson dexomaste tis paragrafoys 2 kai 3. An nai, tote dexomaste to periexomeno ths dizwnikhs, poy den einai allo apo thn yparjh dyo zwnwn (h politeiwn opws onomazontai stis HPA h gaiwn opws onomazontai sth Germania h kantoniwn opws onomazontai sthn Elbetia h eparxiwn opws onomazontai ston Kanada, ayto den exei oysiastikh shmasia), kaqemia apo tis opoies qa dioikeitai apo thn antistoixh koinothta.

Oson afora thn anafora se ``dizwnikh'', epishmainetai oti ola ta sxedia toy OHE, kaqws kai oi protaseis ths ellhnokypriakhs pleyras toy 1989, poy ypoblhqhkan meta tis Symfwnies Ychloy Epipedoy, pronooyn rhtws gia dizwnikh omospondia oson afora thn edafikh ptyxh, dhladh yioqetoyn ton oro kai toy prosdidoyn to periexomeno poy anaferqhke pio panw. To idio kai plhqwra chfismatwn toy Symboylioy Asfaleias. Kanena apo ta pio panw sxedia den aporrifqhke logw anaforas se dizwnikh. Pio prosfata h symfwnia metajy twn dyo koinothtwn, ayth ths 8hs Ioylioy 2006, ypo ton titlo ``Desmh Arxwn'' pronoei: ``1. Desmeysh gia thn epanenwsh ths Kyproy me bash mia dizwnikh, dikoinotikh omospondia kai politikh isothta, opws kaqorizetai sta sxetika chfismata toy Symboylioy Asfaleias''.

Shmeiwnetai oti h toyrkokypriakh pleyra aperripte thn pio panw arxh, alla telika, me thn epimonh ths ellhnokypriakhs pleyras, anagkasthke na thn apodexqei.

5. Ti shmainei ``dikoinotikh'';

O oros ``dikoinotikh'', opws kaqorizetai apo ton idio ton OHE, shmainei oti kai oi dyo koinothtes qa symmetexoyn apotelesmatika sta organa kai tis apofaseis ths kentrikhs ejoysias. Ayto to stoixeio den einai neo. Perilambanetai kai sto Syntagma toy 1960. Apomenei na kaqoristei mesa apo tis diapragmateyseis kai mesa apo thn telikh symfwnia to sygkekrimeno periexomeno ths apotelesmatikhs symmetoxhs sta organa ejoysias kai tis apofaseis ths kentrikhs ejoysias. Se kaqe, omws, periptwsh den mporei oi Ellhnokyprioi, epeidh einai h pleiochfia, na apofasizoyn gia ola apo monoi toys kai na epibaloyn th qesh toys. Oyte kai oi Toyrkokyprioi na kataxrwntai toy dikaiwmatos gia ``apotelesmatikh symmetoxh'', to opoio se kamia periptwsh den shmainei ish ariqmhtikh symmetoxh.

6. Politikh isothta ki armodiothtes

H ellhnokypriakh pleyra stoxeyei se lysh dizwnikhs, dikoinotikhs omospondias me politikh isothta, opws orizetai sta sxetika chfismata toy Symboylioy Asfaleias. Gia ena kratos me mia kai monh kyriarxia, mia kai monh iqageneia, mia kai monh dieqnh proswpikothta. H dieykrinish gia politikh isothta, opws orizetai sta chfismata toy OHE, einai aparaithth giati h Toyrkia kai h toyrkokypriakh hgesia prosdidoyn ston oro to periexomeno, poy toys boleyei. Dhladh, yponooyn thn isothta dyo kratwn kai miloyn sxedon gia plhrh ariqmhtikh isothta se ola. Ta chfismata twn Hnwmenwn Eqnwn jekaqarizoyn oti me ton oro politikh isothta den ennooyn isothta dyo kratwn, oyte kai ariqmhtikh isothta se ola ta epipeda ths ejoysias. Tonizoyn to stoixeio ths apotelesmatikhs symmetoxhs sthn ejoysia kai sth lhch twn apofasewn. Poyqena den prosdidetai periexomeno poy na afistatai ths qemeliwdoys qeshs arxhs oti h lysh qa pronoei th metejelijh toy eniaioy kratoys se omospondiako. Ejalloy, h apopeira dhmioyrgias deyteroy kratoys sthn Kypro exei katadikastei me bash to dieqnes dikaio toso apo ton OHE, oso kai apo alloys dieqneis organismoys. Ena apo ta pio basika zhthmata ths omospondias einai o katamerismos twn armodiothtwn metajy omospondias kai perifereiwn. Sth dieqnh praktikh synantoyme diaforoys tropoys katamerismoy armodiothtwn. Sthn kentrikh ejoysia dinontai oi shmantikes ekeines armodiothtes, poy aforoyn thn omospondia, ws synolo, kai ejasfalizoyn thn enothta toy kratoys. Synhqws, aytes oi armodiothtes einai: ejwterikes sxeseis, amyna, asfaleia, dhmosionomikes ypoqeseis, thlepikoinwnies, emporio, emmesh forologia, epilysh twn diaforwn anamesa sthn omospondia kai tis perifereies, opws kai anamesa stis idies tis perifereies. Oi armodiothtes, poy dinontai stis perifereies, basika aforoyn zhthmata poy exoyn sxesh me aytes kai oxi me thn omospondia ws synolo. Ayta ta zhthmata einai gia paradeigma: organa topikhs dioikhshs kai aytodioikhshs, topikh astynomia, prostasia toy topikoy periballontos, politistika qemata, paideia, organwsh twn topikwn dikasthriwn mesa sta plaisia twn arxwn poy kaqorizoyn ta kentrika dikasthria k.a. Aparaithto stoixeio kaqe omospondiakoy systhmatos einai o diaxwrismos twn armodiothtwn. Anejarthtws twn tropwn diaxwrismoy toys, pantoy xwris ejairesh oi armodiothtes twn eparxiwn einai akribws oi idies. Kai emeis edw sthn Kypro den prokeitai na prwtotyphsoyme. Oi ejoysies kai armodiothtes poy qa afhnei to kentriko syntagma stis eparxies qa einai akribws oi idies. Anantirrhta loipon, h isothta twn eparxiwn sta plaisia toy omospondiakoy kratoys einai dedomenh.

H efhmerida ``Fileleyqeros'' shmeiwnei oti sto eggrafo apofeygontai leptomereies, poy briskontai sto trapezi twn diapragmateysewn kai aforoyn gia paradeigma thn ek peritrophs proedria.

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