[01] Sxedon mh anastrecimh einai h anodos ths staqmhs ths qalassas

"H oysia toy problhmatos ths staqmhs ths qalassas einai oti apo th stigmh poy arxisei, h anodos einai praktika mh anastrecimh", proeidopoiei o dieqnws anagnwrismenos eidikos se qemata staqmhs ths qalassas kai episthmonas sto Institoyto Potsntam sth Germania k. Stefan Ramstorf. "Den blepw to pws qa mporesoyme na stamathsoyme ayth thn anodo, akomh kai an fqasoyme se mhdenikes ekpompes aeriwn toy qermokhpioy", prosqese.

H kalyterh ejelijh einai na anerxetai, meta th staqeropoihsh ths qermokrasias toy planhth, me staqero ryqmo "gia toys epomenoys aiwnes" h staqmh ths qalassas, kai na mhn epitaxynetai aytos o ryqmos, eipe o germanos eidikos.

O idios proebh sthn ektimhsh oti akomh ki an perioristei h anodos ths qermokrasias kata 1,5 baqmoys Kelsioy, qa ejakoloyqoyme na exoyme anodo ths staqmhs ths qalassas kata dyo metra toys epomenoys aiwnes, ejelijh h opoia qa odhghsei sthn ejafanish orismenwn nhsiwtikwn xwrwn. H pleon aisiodojh ektimhsh toy kanei logo gia anodo kata ena metro ths staqmhs ayton ton aiwna sthn periptwsh ayjhshs ths qermokrasias kata 3 baqmoys Kelsioy kai kata ews kai pente metra mesa sta epomena triakosia xronia.

Episthmones ektimoyn oti h thjh twn pagwn apokta kekthmenh taxythta, qermainontas thn atmosfaira kaqws ligoterh posothta xionioy antanakla ligoterh qermothta.

"Akomh ki an meiwsoyme tis ekpompes se olon ton planhth, apo th stigmh poy ayto jekinhsei einai mh anastrecimo. Symperainw oti mia ayjhsh ths meshs qermokrasias kata 2 baqmoys Kelsioy ayjanei thn piqanothta ths meiwshs twn fyllwn pagoy sth Groilandia kata 50% h kai perissotero", eipe o k. Pier Felingka toy panepisthmioy Bagkenigken (WUR), toy koryfaioy eyrwpaikoy panepisthmioy stis Episthmes ths Zwhs. "Ayto qa exei ws apotelesma thn anodo kata peripoy efta metra ths staqmhs ths qalassas se diasthma 300 me 1.200 xronwn", prosqese.

Oi omilhtes sto synedrio sto panepisthmio ths Ojfordhs sthrijan tis apoceis toys legontas oti prin apo tria ekatommyria xronia o planhths htan kata 2 me 3 baqmoys Kelsioy qermoteros kai h staqmh ths qalassas kata eikosi tria me eikosi pente metra ychloterh. Enw, prin apo 122.000 xronia prin htan kata 2 baqmoys Kelsioy qermoteros kai h staqmh ths qalassas kata deka metra ychloterh.

Peri ta 40 ekatommyria anqrwpoi se olon ton planhth zoyn se pediades me syxna epoxiaka plhmmyrika fainomena, tonise apo thn pleyra toy o k. Rompert Nikols toy panepisthmioy toy Saoyqampton. O ariqmos aytos antistoixei sto 0,6% toy pagkosmioy plhqysmoy kai to 5% toy pagkosmioy ploytoy, logw ths yparjhs se aytes tis perioxes aerodromiwn kai monadwn hlektroparagwghs.

H prostasia twn aktwn - to kostos ths opoias oi omilhtes topoqethsan metajy 50 dis. dolariwn ethsiws to 2020 kai 215 dis. dolariwn ethsiws to 2100 - mporei na meiwsei shmantika thn apwleia ghs kai perioysiakwn stoixeiwn, yposthrije o k. Nikols.

[02] Sta ych o Dow Jones

O biomhxanikos deikths Dow Jones shmeiwse anodo 0,80% (78,07 monades) kai diamorfwqhke stis 9.864,94 monades, poy einai h ychloterh timh toy apo tis 6 Oktwbrioy 2008.

O Dow Jones anekthse to 50% twn apwleiwn poy eixe katagracei otan shmeiwse to xamhlotero epipedo toy to Martio, wstoso paramenei kata 30% pio katw apo to istoriko rekor toy to opoio kategrace prin apo dyo akribws xronia, stis 9 Oktwbrioy 2007, otan diamorfwqhke stis 14.166 monades.

O synqetos deikths Nasdaq twn metoxwn ychlhs texnologias kerdise 0,72% (15,35 monades) kai diamorfwqhke stis 2.139,28 monades kai o dieyrymenos deikths Standard & Poor's 500, 0,56% (6,01 monades) kai "ekleise" stis 1.071,49 monades.

[03] "Ekklhsh gia drash"

"H epitroph apodidei megalh shmasia sto orama kai stis prospaqeies toy Ompama gia enan kosmo xwris pyrhnika opla", dhlwse o proedros ths norbhgikhs epitrophs Toyrmpion Giogklant.

"Ws proedros, o Ompama dhmioyrghse mia nea atmosfaira sth dieqnh politikh. H polymerhs diplwmatia kerdise kai pali mia kentrikh qesh, me emfash ston rolo poy ta Hnwmena Eqnh kai alloi dieqneis organismoi mporoyn na diadramatisoyn. Spania enas anqrwpos kerdise thn prosoxh, opws ekane o Ompama, oloklhroy toy planhth kai edwse ston plhqysmo toy thn elpida gia ena kalytero mellon", prosqese o Toyrmpgiorn Giogklant.

O amerikanos proedros, o opoios anelabe ta kaqhkonta toy edw kai molis ennea mhnes, ekfwnhse ton perasmeno Ioynio sthn Aigypto shmantikh omilia poy eixe ws stoxo na dhmioyrghsei gefyres anamesa stis HPA kai ton arabiko kosmo, milhse ton perasmeno mhna apo to bhma toy OHE gia enan kosmo xwris pyrhnika opla kai exei desmeyqei ston agwna kata ths klimatikhs allaghs.

To brabeio, sto opoio perilambanetai ena metallio kai to xrhmatiko poson twn 10 ekatommyriwn soyhdikwn korwnwn, qa epidoqei stis 10 Dekembrioy sto Oslo.

Ompama: Ekplhjh kai baqia tapeinothta

Thn ekplhjh toy gia th brabeysh toy me to Nompel Eirhnhs ejefrase o proedros twn HPA, Mparak Ompama, tonizontas oti dexetai thn timh poy toy egine ws mia ekklhsh gia drash prokeimenoy na antimetwpistoyn oi proklhseis toy 21oy aiwna.

"Aisqanomai ekplhjh kai baqia tapeinothta apo thn apofash ths epitrophs toy Nompel" dhlwse o Amerikanos proedros stoys dhmosiografoys milwntas apo to Leyko Oiko. "Den to qewrw ws anagnwrish twn epiteygmatwn moy alla ws thn epibebaiwsh ths amerikanikhs hgesias oson afora tis elpides twn anqrwpwn se olo ton kosmo".

"Gia na eimai eilikrinhs, den nomizw oti ajizw na breqw sth syntrofia toswn proswpikothtwn poy allajan thn epoxh toys kai oi opoioi timhqhkan me ayto to brabeio", prosqese, se mia prospaqeia na apokroysei tis kritikes symfwna me tis opoies den exei kanei arketa pragmata gia na dikaioytai to brabeio.

Xairetizoyn th brabeysh

H brabeysh toy amerikanoy proedroy me to Nompel Eirhnhs prokalese qetikes antidraseis, skeptikismo -kai sigoyra thn ekplhjh twn dhmosiografwn kata thn anakoinwsh ths sto Oslo.

"H aponomh toy brabeioy Nompel ston proedro Ompama, hgeth ths pio megalhs stratiwtikhs dynamhs ston kosmo, sthn arxh ths qhteias toy, apotypwnei tis elpides poy exei dhmioyrghsei se pagkosmio epipedo me to orama toy enos kosmoy xwris pyrhnika opla", dhlwse se anakoinwsh Typoy o proedros ths Eyrwpaikhs Epitrophs, Zoze Manoyel Mparozo.

"Ayto to brabeio einai mia enqarrynsh gia oloys osoi mporoyn na syneisferoyn sthn dhmioyrgia enas pio sigoyroy kosmoy", synexise o proedros ths Eyrwpaikhs Epitrophs.

Prokeitai gia mia "protroph gia ton (amerikano) proedro kai gia oloys emas" na kanoyme perissotera gia thn eirhnh, dhlwse h germanidas kagkelarios Agkela Merkel, ekfrazontas ta sygxarhthria ths pros ton amerikano proedro.

O Ompama "katafere se ligo xrono na dwsei ena neo yfos kai na epitrecei ena anoigma sto dialogo", proseqese h Merkel.

O gallos proedros Nikola Sarkozi synexarh epishs se mhnyma toy ton Mparak Ompama gia th brabeysh toy me to Nompel Eirhnhs poy "shmatodotei thn epistrofh ths Amerikhs stis kardies olwn twn lawn toy kosmoy".

Parallhla ekproswpos ths Ntaoyningk Strit dhlwse oti o bretanos prwqypoyrgos Gkornton Mpraoyn synexarh ton Ompama me proswpiko toy mhnyma pros ton amerikano proedro.

H ekproswpos den dieykrinise peraiterw sxetika me to periexomenh h th morfh toy proswpikoy mhnymatos.

O ElMparantei poy kerdise kai o idios brabeio Nompel to 2005 apo koinoy me thn Dieqnh Epitroph Atomikhs Energeias (IAEA), dhlwse oti o proedros Ompama ajize to brabeio giati ananewse thn elpida gia pagkosmia eirhnh.

"Den mporw na skeftw shmera kapoion poy na ajizei perissotero ayth thn timh", dhlwse o ElMparantei, prosqetontas oti einai "enqoysiasmenos".

"Se ligotero apo enan xrono apo thn stigmh poy anelabe thn proedria twn HPA, allaje ton tropo poy blepoyme ton kosmo poy zoyme, alla kai toys eaytoys mas kai ananewse thn elpida gia enan eirhniko kosmo", dhlwse o ElMparantei.

O epikefalhs ths grammateias ths Symbashs toy OHE gia to klima (UNFCCC), Ibo nte Mpoer, apo thn pleyra toy, dhlwse oti h brabeysh toy Mparak Ompama mporei na apotelesei mia "parotrynsh" gia ton amerikano proedro gia na asxolhqei epistamenws me thn ypografh mias pagkosmias synqhkhs gia to klima.

To idryma Nelson Mantela, to opoio ektima oti h brabeysh toy amerikanoy proedroy prokeitai na ton emcyxwsei ston agwna toy yper ths pagkosmias eirhnhs kai ths ejaleichs ths ftwxeias.

"To Idryma Nelson Mantela, sto onoma toy idryth toy Nelson Mantela, xairetizei thn aponomh toy Brabeioy Nompel Eirhnhs ston amerikano proedro Mparak Ompama. Eimaste sigoyroi oti to brabeio ayto qa toy epitrecei na enisxysei th desmeysh toy, ws hgeth toy isxyroteroy eqnoys toy kosmoy, gia na synexisei thn prowqhsh ths eirhnhs kai thn ejaleich ths ftwxeias", anaferetai se anakoinwsh toy idrymatos.

H aponomh toy brabeioy Nompel Eirhnhs ston amerikano proedro Mparak Ompama enisxyei tis elpides oti qa ergastei perissotero gia thn yperaspish twn anqrwpinwn dikaiwmatwn se olo ton kosmo, ektima kai h hgetida twn Oyigoyrwn Rempigia Kantir, h opoia ferotan epishs ws ypochfia gia to brabeio. "Eimai poly xaroymenh poy (o Mparak Ompama) timhqhke me to brabeio. Twra prepei na kanei kati kai ayto ayjanei tis elpides oti qa yperaspistei ta katapiesmena eqnh", dhlwse h ka Kantir sto Galliko Praktoreio Eidhsewn.

O amerikanos proedros Mparak Ompama einai h "swsth apanthsh" gia mia tetoia diakrish, dhlwse kai o proedros toy Afganistan Xamint Karzai, en anamonh ths apofashs apo thn pleyra twn HPA gia to an qa apostalei h oxi megalyterh stratiwtikh dynamh sth xwra gia thn enisxysh toy agwna kata twn talimpan, oi opoioi katadikasan fysika th brabeysh. "Den katalabame kamia allagh ths strathgikhs gia thn eirhnh, den ekane tipota gia thn eirhnh sto Afganistan, den elabe kanena sxetiko metro eirhneyshs h staqeropoihshs ths xwras", dhlwsan oi talimpan dia stomatos toy ekproswpoy toys.

Gia th brabeysh toy ton synexarh kai h Palaistiniakh Arxh, ektimwntas oti etsi ayjanetai h eyqynh gia thn prowqhsh ths eirhneytikhs diadikasias sth Mesh Anatolh. "Elpizw oti h brabeysh ayth qa apotelesei ena epipleon kinhtro gia ton Mparak Ompama, prokeimenoy na ergastei akomh sklhrotera gia thn eirhnh sthn perioxh mas", dhlwse sygkekrimena o ekproswpos ths palaistiniakhs kybernhshs, Gasan Xatimp.

H eidhsh gia thn aponomh ston Ompama toy Nompel Eirhnhs didei mia "nea elpida sthn anqrwpothta", shmeiwnei parallhla o israhlinos proedros Simon Peres se sygxarhthrio mhnyma toy pros ton amerikano proedro.

"Ferate se oloklhrh thn anqrwpothta mia nea elpida (...) Ypo thn hgesia sas, h eirhnh egine pragmatika proteraiothta", prosqetei o israhlinos proedros, o opoios exei epishs timhqei me Nompel Eirhnhs, to 1994.

"Poly ligoi hgetes kataferan na allajoyn th diaqesh toy kosmoy se toso mikro xroniko diasthma kai me tetoio antiktypo", katalhgei.

Se mia prwth antidrash apo thn pleyra toy Iran, symboylos toy proedroy Maxmoynt Axmantinetzant dhlwse oti h aponomh toy Brabeioy Nompel Eirhnhs ston amerikano proedro qa prepei na ton parakinhsei na symbalei sthn ejaleich ths adikias apo ton kosmo.

Perhfania gia ton Ompama dhlwsan parallhla oti aisqanontai oi syggeneis toy amerikanoy proedroy thn Kenya.

"Eimaste poly perhfanoi gia to brabeio gia ton Mparak. Einai mia megalh timh", dhlwse o qeios toy Saint Ompama, o opoios zei sto xwrio Kogkelo sth dytikh Kenya mazi me th qeth giagia toy Ompama, Sara.

"To brabeio ayto apotelei pragmati allo ena shmantiko epiteygma sthn lamprh dhmosia stadiodromia soy kai anagnwrish ths symbolhs soy sto kalo ths anqrwpothtas", anaferei parallhla o kenyaths proedros Moyai Kimpaki se sygxarhthrio mhnyma toy ston Ompama.

Antidraseis

H brabeysh toy amerikanoy proedroy kriqhke ws poly biastikh kai apo ton prwhn proedro ths Polwnias kai brabeymeno to 1983 me to Nompel Eirhnhs, Lex Balesa, o opoios den ekryce thn eklplhjh toy.

"Poios, o Ompama; Toso grhgora; Poly grhgora! Den eixe ton xrono na kanei kati. Pros to paron to mono poy kanei einai protaseis", dhlwse o Balesa se synenteyjh toy sto galliko praktoreio eidhsewn (AFP).

"Kamia fora h Epitroph Nompel dinei to brabeio gia na enqarrynei mia ypeyqynh prajh. As dwsoyme mia eykairia ston Ompama", prosqese o Balesa.

Akomh, o epishs brabeyqeis me Nompel Eirhnhs, Adolfo Peres Eskibel, apo thn Argentinh, hgetikh fysiognwmia ston agwna ths proaspishs twn Dikaiwmatwn toy Anqrwpoy, ejefrase thn ekplhjh toy gia th brabeysh toy Mparak Ompama, o opoios brisketai sthn koryfh mias xwras poy diaprattei "tis perissoteres epiqeseis ston kosmo".

"Ekplhssomai apo thn aponomh toy brabeioy ston Ompama, o opoios einai o proedros ths xwras poy diaprattei tis perissoteres epiqeseis ston kosmo kai poy epiballei ta pragmata apo thn apoch toy stratiwtiko-biomhxanikoy symplegmatos, twn polemwn kai twn sygkroysewn", dhlwse se synenteyjh Typoy sto Mpoyenos Aires.

O Peres Eskibel dhlwse pws elpizei oti o Ompama "qa xrhsimopoihsei to brabeio sthn yphresia twn lawn, gia na epilyqoyn oi megales sygkroyseis stis opoies emplekontai oi Hnwmenes Politeies, oi polemoi sto Irak kai to Afganistan kai oi sobares parabiaseis twn Dikaiwmatwn toy Anqrwpoy stis xwres aytes".

O Adolfo Peres Eskibel, poy exei diatelesei kratoymenos toy kaqestwtos twn strathgwn sthn Argentinh kai einai idryths ths organwshs gia thn proaspish twn Dikaiwmatwn toy Anqrwpoy, Yphresia Eirhnhs kai Dikaiosynhs, elabe to brabeio Nompel Eirhnhs to 1980. Twra einai kaqhghths Dieqnoys Dikaioy sto Panepisthmio toy Mpoyenos Aires.

H palaistiniakh, islamistikh organwsh Xamas dhlwse oti h brabeysh toy Ompama einai prowrh.

"O Ompama exei akoma poly dromo mprosta toy kai poly doyleia na kanei mexri na ajizei mia epibrabeysh", dhlwse o ajiwmatoyxos ths Xamas, Sami Ampoy Zoyxri. "O Ompama edwse mono yposxeseis kai den synebale me oysiastiko tropo sthn pagkosmia eirhnh. Den exei kanei tipota gia na ejasfalisei dikaiosynh sta arabika kai moysoylmanika qemata."

Oi Afganoi talimpan diakwmwdhsan th brabeysh toy Ompama me to Nompel Eirhnhs legontas oti mallon qa eprepe na toy aponemhqei to Nompel ths bias.

O ekproswpos twn talimpan Zampixoyla Moytzaxint dhlwse oti einai paralogo na aponemetai ena brabeio gia thn eirhnh ston anqrwpo poy esteile 21.000 epipleon stratiwtes sto Afganistan gia na klimakwsoyn ton polemo.

"To Nompel gia thn eirhnh; O Ompama qa eprepe na exei kerdisei to 'Nompel gia thn klimakwsh ths bias kai thn dolofonia amaxwn'", dhlwse se synenteyjh toy sto praktoreio Roiter.

"Otan o Ompama antikatesthse ton proedro Mpoys o afganikos laos pistece oti den qa akoloyqoyse ta bhmata toy Mpoys. Dystyxws, h pragmatikothta edeije oti o Ompama phge ena bhma para katw", prosqese o Moytzaxint.

O proedros toy amerikanikoy repoymplikanikoy kommatos Maikl Stil antedrase sthn brabeysh toy proedroy Mparak Ompama me to Nompel Eirhnhs, legontas oti de qa labei paromoia antamoibh kai gia thn dhmioyrgia qesewn ergasias.

"Ena pragma einai sigoyro: o proedros Ompama de qa labei kamia antamoibh apo toys Amerikanoys gia th dhmioyrgia qesewn ergasias, ton proypologismo h thn syndesh twn logwn toy me tis prajeis toy" anefere se anakoinwsh toy o k. Stil, o prwtos mayros epikefalhs toy repoymplikanikoy kommatos.

"Me ayto to brabeio, h pagkosmia elit enqarrynei ton Ompama, ton anqrwpo ths eirhnhs, poy den exei steilei epipleon strateymata sto Afganistan, den exei enantiwqei kata toy Iran kai toy pyrhnikoy toy programmatos kai epimenei sthn proqesh toy na apodynamwsei tis HPA" prosqese o epikefalhs toy repoymplikanikoy kommatos.

[04] Stoxos h nikh

Ston 2o omilo, h eqnikh Elladas ypodexetai thn Letonia kai qelei opwsdhpote thn nikh, etsi wste na qesei ``nok-aoyt'' toys Letonoys kai parallhla na ejasfalisei -me nikh epi toy Loyjemboyrgoy thn erxomenh Tetarth- thn deyterh qesh poy isodynamei me symmetoxh sta mparaz prokrishs. O Oto Rexagkel den antimetwpizei sobara problhmata kai piqanotata qa xrhsimopoihsei sto arxiko sxhma ton Swkrath Papastaqopoylo poy apoqerapeyqhke, enw den apokleietai na jekinhsei sthn 11ada kai o Gioyrkas Seitaridhs.

Stoys alloys agwnes toy omiloy, h Elbetia filojeneitai apo to -baqmologika adiaforo-Loyjemboyrgo kai einai to fabori gia thn nikh poy qa thn diathrhsei epikefalhs, enw to Israhl poy exei maqhmatikes elpides (s.s. xreiazetai ``gkela'' ths Elladas) ypodexetai thn Moldabia poy exei apokleistei apo thn synexeia ths diorganwshs.

Parallhla, apo to ypoloipo programma, jexwrizei h anametrhsh ths Irlandias me thn Italia, opoy h isopalia fainetai na ejyphretei toys dyo antipaloys, enw me idiaitero endiaferon anamenontai oi agwnes Dania-Soyhdia, Portogalia-Oyggaria, Slobakia-Slobenia, Rwsia-Germania, Esqonia-Bosnia, Belgio-Toyrkia kai Serbia-Roymania.

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