[01] Synenteyjh gia thn Pneymatikh Idiokthsia

Sto staqmo toy Metro sto Syntagma pragmatopoieitai ekqesh poy qa diarkesei mia hmera kai qa einai anoikth gia to koino apo 09.00 ews tis 20.00.

To koino qa exei thn eykairia na episkeftei ta periptera toy OBI kai toy OPI kai na syzhthsei me ekproswpoys twn Organismwn aytwn, alla kai na promhqeytei entypo enhmerwtiko yliko sto periptero toy Organismoy Biomhxanikhs Idiokthsias, opoy qa yparxoyn egkatesthmena ena grafeio plhroforhshs (mesw toy opoioy oi endiaferomenoi qa exoyn th dynatothta na enhmerwqoyn analytika gia to rolo kai tis yphresies toy OBI), kaqws kai enas staqmos ergasias gia thn enhmerwsh kai ejoikeiwsh toy koinoy me qemata texnologikhs plhroforhshs.

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[02] Tsernompil: Eikosi xronia meta...

Qlimmenoi, siwphloi kai polloi apo aytoys me dakrya sta matia, stamathsan mprosta sto mnhmeio poy exei anegerqei sth mnhmh twn 30 anqrwpwn, oi opoioi peqanan th xronia meta thn katastrofh.

Oi seirhnes hxhsan thn wra akribws poy 20 xronia nwritera enas apo toys antidrasthres toy pyrhnikoy ergostasioy toy Tsernompil ejerragh, stis 26 Aprilioy 1986 akribws stis 01:23 topikh wra, prokalwntas ena terastio radienergo synnefo panw apo thn Eyrwph.

Oi ekdhlwseis gia thn 20h epeteio arxisan to brady ths Triths sto ergostasio me ena qeama poy paroysiasan galloi hqopoioi se dhmosiografoys. Me titlo "H proseyxh toy Tsernompil", h parastash ayth basizetai sto biblio "H Dehsh" ths Sbetlana Alejiebits apo thn Leykorwsia kai anaferetai se oloys ekeinoys poy eidan tis zwes toy na anatrepontai meta to pyrhniko dystyxhma.

Sto Kiebo, peripoy 300 anqrwpoi anamesa toys kai o proedros ths Oykranias Biktor Gioysenko parabreqhkan se dehsh sthn ekklhsia poy brisketai konta sto mnhmeio toy Tsernompil.

Eikosi xronia meta, to dystyxhma ejakoloyqei na ephreazei th zwh ekatommyriwn anqrwpwn. "To sok toy Tsernompil qa diarkesei akoma poly kai qa synexisei na apotelei proklhsh gia olon ton kosmo", dhlwse o Gioysenko thn paramonh ths epeteioy.

O idios kalese tis ploysies xwres na prosferoyn oikonomikh bohqeia sthn Oykrania gia na antimetwpisei tis epiptwseis toy dystyxhmatos.

Sth Mosxa, o proedros Poytin parashmoforhse osoys Rwsoys espeysan sto Tsernompil gia na bohqhsoyn -pyrosbestes, stratiwtes kai polites.

O amerikanos proedros esteile mhnyma me to opoio apotiei foro timhs sta qymata toy Tsernompil.

Sth Leykorwsia, poy eplhgh apo to radienergo synnefo, h antipoliteysh organwnei shmera, opws kaqe xrono, diadhlwsh enantion ths politikhs twn arxwn poy qeloyn na katoikhqei kai pali thn zwnh ths katastrofhs.

Symfwna me toys Oykranoys, h tragwdia ephrease pente ekatommyria sympatriwtes toys. O OHE se ekqesh toy to 2005 ektima pws 4.000 anqrwpoi exasan h qa xasoyn th zwh toys sthn Oykrania, th Leykorwsia kai th Rwsia ejaitias twn diaforwn morfwn karkinoy poy proklhqhkan apo to dystyxhma, omws o ariqmos aytos amfisbhteitai apo polles mh kybernhtikes organwseis.

H Gkrinpis kanei logo gia ekstrateia paraplhroforhshs poy prosbalei ta qymata. Se ekqesh ths organwshs poy sthrizetai se ereyna ths Eqnikhs Akadhmias Episthmwn ths Leykorwsias, anaferetai oti apo ta peripoy 2 ekatommyria atoma poy ypesthsan tis synepeies apo to dystyxhma sto Tsernompil, peripoy 270.000 qa anaptyjoyn karkinogeneseis apo tis opoies peripoy 93.000 qa einai qanathfores.

Sthn idia ekqesh h Gkripis ektima epishs oti peri ta 200.000 atoma sth Rwsia, thn Oykrania kai thn Leykorwsia mporei na exoyn hdh peqanei apo epiplokes kardiologikwn noshmatwn poy proklhqhkan apo to pyrhniko dystyxhma.

Symfwna me thn idia ekqesh, ta kroysmata karkinoy shmeiwsan ayjhsh 40% sto diasthma metajy twn etwn 1990 kai 2000, enw se paidia poy den eixan tote akomh gennhqei, shmera paroysiazetai megalh ayjhsh toy karkinoy toy qyreoeidoys. Megalh ayjhsh parathreitai akomh sta kroysmata leyxaimias kaqws kai stoys karkinoys twn enterwn, toy mastoy, ths oyrodoxoy kysths, twn nefrwn kai twn pneymonwn, prostiqetai sthn ekqesh ths Gkrinpis.

Ejalloy, meleth Bretanwn episthmonwn, poy doqhke sth dhmosiothta stis arxes toy mhna sto Kiebo, ektima oti peripoy 30-60 xiliades anqrwpoi qa peqanoyn apo karkino logw ths pyrhnikhs katastrofhs toy Tsernompil, dhladh peripoy deka fores perissoteroi apo aytoys poy anaferei h ekqesh toy OHE gia to idio qema.

H meleth me titlo "H allh ekqesh gia to Tsernompil" paroysiasthke apo th Rempeka Xarms mia eyrwboyleyth apo th Germania poy anhkei sto komma twn Prasinwn, me aformh thn 20h epeteio.

Ta "maqhmata" apo to Tsernompil

Toys kindynoys poy elloxeyoyn h sarkofagos toy antidrasthra 4 toy pyrhnikoy staqmoy toy Tsernompil epishmainei sto APE-MPE o kaqhghths pyrhnikhs fysikhs toy Aristoteleioy Panepisthmioy Qessalonikhs (APQ) Kwstas Papastefanoy, shmeiwnontas pws eikosi xronia meta, h sarkofagos exei problhmata diarrhjhs toy mpeton arme, me to opoio skepasthke o katestrammenos antidrasthras meta to atyxhma.

Opws ypogrammizei o k. Papastefanoy, h ``kardia'' toy antidrasthra sigokaiei, kaqws to pyrhniko kaysimo den exei akomh ejantlhqei -molis to 2%-3% efyge ejw, to allo emeine mesa- kai oi qermokrasies poy anaptyssontai einai ychles. ``Olo ayto dra diabrwtika kai pros ta panw, pros th sarkofago, kai pros ta katw. H radienergeia dhladh mporei na fygei ypogeiws kai na exoyme neo Syndromo ths Kinas. Na fygei kai na mhn jeroyme poy qa emfanistei. Den mporeis na to probleceis'', ejhgei.

Apokalyptei de oti gia th sarkofago yphrxe lysh na ginei ena kelyfos, mia lysh poy eixe protaqei to 1996, alla pote den ylopoihqhke, kaqws to kostos htan ejairetika ychlo -peripoy ena disekatommyrio dolaria- kai den mporoyse na kalyfqei.

To kelyfos, gia thn kataskeyh toy opoioy h dieqnhs koinothta qa edine ta prwta 200.000 dolaria, qa mporoyse na periorisei th diarroh kai se periptwsh diarrhjhs toy mpeton arme qa th sygkratoyse.

Sthn erwthsh ean exei aposobhqei o kindynos gia thn Ellada, o k. Papastefanoy apanta: ``O,ti plhrwsame, plhrwsame apo to Tsernompil. Alla o kindynos einai panta oratos, afoy yparxoyn pyrhnikoi antidrasthres se mikrh apostash''.

To prwto apo ta ``maqhmata'' poy phrame apo to Tsernompil, symfwna me ton k. Papastefanoy, einai oti, efoson yparxoyn pyrhnikoi antidrasthres poy leitoyrgoyn ston kosmo, ena atyxhma analogo me ayto toy Tsernompil einai dynato na symbei. ``To apeyxetai kapoios men, alla den einai sigoyros oti mporei na to apofygei. Kaqe pyrhnikos staqmos poy leitoyrgei en dynamei mporei na einai kai ypochfio neo Tsernompil, kata thn apoch moy'', shmeiwnei o kaqhghths kai tonizei oti akomh kai ston pio sygxrono antidrasthra toy planhth mporei na ginei atyxhma, efoson kaneis den mporei na apokleisei to anqrwpino laqos.

To deytero ``maqhma'' htan oti h apostash den einai basikos apotreptikos paragontas gia tis synepeies enos pyrhnikoy atyxhmatos. ``H Ellada apexei arketes xiliades xlm, alla stigmatisthke gia ta kala'', shmeiwnei o kaqhghths kai parathrei pws, ean ginei ena atyxhma sto geitoniko mas Kozlontoyi (Boylgaria), h radienergeia den qa xreiastei pente h eji hmeres gia na ftasei sth xwra mas, opws sthn periptwsh toy Tsernompil, alla merikes molis wres.

To Tsernompil mas ``didaje'' epishs ti metrhseis prepei na kanoyme kai poy, pws na kinhqoyme, pws na symboyleysoyme thn Politeia na parei ta katallhla metra kai na enhmerwqei o laos, prosqetei o k. Papastefanoy.

Ypogrammizei de oti, shmera, eimaste texnologika pio etoimoi na antimetwpisoyme mia analogh katastash, na melethsoyme th rypansh se olh th xwra kai na proteinoyme ta katallhla metra, kati poy to b86 htan adynato, epeidh den yphrxe h katallhlh empeiria. ``Tote den yphrxe safh eikona. Den exoyme safh eikona apo tis synepeies ekeinhs ths epoxhs. Twra jeroyme'', leei.

Oi periballontikes epiptwseis

To pyrhniko atyxhma toy Tsernompil den ephrease mono to periballon twn triwn kyriws xwrwn -Oykranias, Leykorwsias, Rwsias- poy dexqhkan to megalytero pososto radienergeias, alla kai th zwh xiliadwn anqrwpwn, poy klhqhkan na egkataleicoyn tis esties toys mesa se liges molis wres meta thn tragwdia.

Se o,ti afora to periballon, to atyxhma sto Tsernompil eixe ws apotelesma th radienergo rypansh 18.000 tetragwnikwn xiliometrwn kallierghsimhs ghs, ek twn opoiwn ta 2.640 tetragwnika xiliometra den mporoyn pleon na kallierghqoyn. To megalytero ``timhma'' plhrwse h Oykrania, to 40% ths dasikhs ektashs ths opoias (htoi 35.000 tetragwnika xiliometra) ypesth ektetamenh rypansh. Sta dash, ta kwnofora dentra kai ta platyfylla fyta aporrofhsan th radienergeia san sfoyggaria kai ta nekra fylla kai oi belones meteferan th rypansh sto edafos. Oi eidikoi ektimoyn oti mesa sthn epomenh dekaetia, h radienergeia qa sysswreytei sto jylo twn dentrwn.

Pros to paron, to megalytero pososto rypanshs sygkentrwnetai se typika fyta kai froyta toy dasoys, opws ta moyra, ta manitaria, ta reikia, tis leixhnes kai tis fteres. Ayta, wstoso, den einai ta monadika eidh poy ephreasthkan apo th radienergeia toy Tsernompil. Polla akomh eidh molynqhkan, analoga me to eidos, ton typo ths rizas toy kai ta xarakthristika toy edafoys. Oso mikroterh h riza twn fytwn, toso megalyteros htan o kindynos molynshs toys.

Megalo rolo sto pososto rypanshs toy edafoys epaije kai o baqmos kalliergeias toy. Gia paradeigma, ta libadia kai ta boskotopia molynqhkan treis ews pente fores perissotero apo o,ti oi kalliergeies kalampokioy, patatas klp, poy kalliergoyntai se ethsia bash.

Se o,ti afora to baqmo ephreasmoy toy DNA twn fytwn, oi apoceis twn episthmwn diaferoyn. H Epitroph Tsernompil ths kybernhshs ths Leykorwsias yposthrizei oti ta perissotera apo ta fyta stis perioxes poy ekteqhkan sth radienergeia den exoyn allajei. Wstoso, den apokleietai h periptwsh na exei allajei h ``gewgrafia twn fytwn'' twn sygkekrimenwn perioxwn, ypo thn ennoia ths epikrathshs ths kalliergeias fytwn anqektikwn sth radienergeia. Yparxoyn anafores gia ftwxoterh blasthsh se sxesh me to parelqon, alla kai gia meiwmenh dynatothta fwtosynqeshs.

Th 14h epeteio ths tragwdias, episthmones apo to germaniko Institoyto Friedrich Miescher fytecan sitari se ektash dipla ston antidrasthra 4 toy Tsernompil kai se ena agrokthma se apostash 30 xlm apo ayton. Deka mhnes meta, o ryqmos metallajhs twn fytwn dipla ston antidrasthra htan 6,63 ana mili, enw sto agrokthma, 1,03.

Metajy twn oikositwn zwwn kai twn zwwn farmas, ta eleyqeras boskhs, opws oi agelades kai oi katsikes ephreasthkan perissotero apo ta ypoloipa. Stis oreines perioxes ths Leykorwsias, ta kopadia synhqizoyn malista na boskoyn sto dasos poy molynqhke perissotero apo o,ti sta libadia.

Se o,ti afora ta agria zwa, ta sarkofaga, opws o lykos kai h alepoy, exoyn ypostei 12 fores megalyterh molynsh apo o,ti ta fytofaga, poy apoteloyn leia toys.

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