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RFE/RL Newsline, Vol. 4, No. 82, 00-04-26Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Newsline Directory - Previous Article - Next ArticleFrom: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty <http://www.rferl.org>RFE/RL NEWSLINEVol. 4, No. 82, 26 April 2000CONTENTS[A] TRANSCAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA
[B] SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE
[C] END NOTE
[A] TRANSCAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA[01] ARMENIAN PARLIAMENT MOVES TO IMPEACH PRESIDENTTheMiasnutiun and Kayunutiun parliament factions, which together account for 80 of the 127 parliament deputies, decided late on 25 April to begin formal proceedings to impeach President Robert Kocharian, AP and ITAR-TASS reported. That decision was prompted by Kocharian's orders earlier that day to Military Prosecutor Gagik Jahangirian not to testify at parliament hearings on the ongoing investigation into the 27 October Armenian parliament shootings, which Jahangirian heads. Kocharian had warned on 20 April that he will no longer tolerate Jahangirian's involvement in "political processes." Parliament deputies rejected Kocharian's ban on Jahangirian's testimony as unconstitutional. But it is unclear whether it constitutes grounds for impeachment, which the Armenian Constitution allows only if the president commits "high treason" or unspecified "grave crimes." A vote to impeach the president must be taken by a two-thirds majority of all deputies and endorsed by the Constitutional Court. LF [02] ARMENIA'S MILITARY PROSECUTOR GENERAL TENDERS RESIGNATIONJahangirian on 25 April submitted his resignation toPresident Kocharian, RFE/RL's Yerevan bureau reported. Jahangirian said that he did so because "I cannot become involved in the political intrigues" surrounding the ongoing investigation into the parliament shootings, according to Noyan Tapan. The military prosecutor's office sought unsuccessfully earlier this month to overturn a court ruling releasing Kocharian's aide Aleksan Harutiunian from custody. Harutiunian was detained in December on charges of inciting the parliament shootings. LF [03] ARMENIAN PARLIAMENT DOES U-TURN ON ENERGY PRIVATIZATIONDeputies on 25 April passed in the first and second readingsa draft bill sponsored by the majority Miasnutiun parliament faction suspending the ongoing tender for the privatization of four state-run energy distribution companies, RFE/RL's Yerevan bureau reported. The Armenian government last week had excluded a subsidiary of Russia's Gazprom from the tender, eliciting protests from Moscow (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 19 April 2000). Miasnutiun had earlier defeated opposition bids to halt the selloffs (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 4 April 2000), and had reportedly affirmed their support for the ongoing privatization at a meeting with President Kocharian on 21 April. Completion of the energy network privatization is a precondition for disbursement of a $46 million World Bank loan that is earmarked to cover approximately half the anticipated budget deficit for 2000. LF [04] NEW AZERBAIJANI PROSECUTOR-GENERAL APPOINTEDParliamentdeputies on 25 April endorsed President Heidar Aliev's nomination of Gyanja City Prosecutor Zakir Garalov to the post of prosecutor-general, Turan reported. Garalov was born in Georgia in 1956 and since graduating from the law faculty of Baku State University has served as deputy prosecutor and then prosecutor in several cities in Azerbaijan. He replaces Eldar Hasanov, who told "525 gazeti" on 25 April that he intends to return to academic life following his dismissal, together with his two deputies, on 22 April. Garalov told Turan on 25 April he has been instructed by Aliev to implement "serious reforms" both in the prosecutor-general's office and in the law enforcement agencies in general. LF [05] GEORGIA DENIES MERCENARIES CONCENTRATING ON BORDERA seniorGeorgian State Security Ministry official on 25 April rejected Russian claims that groups of mercenaries are concentrated on Georgian territory ready to cross the border into Chechnya, Caucasus Press and Interfax reported. He said that the Chechen refugee community in Georgia's Pankisi gorge includes some 500 Chechen men of military age, but denied that those individuals plan to return to Chechnya to fight. Speaking in Moscow earlier that day, the first deputy chief of Russia's Army General Staff, Colonel-General Valerii Manilov, had claimed that 400-500 mercenaries are waiting on Georgian territory. A Russian military official told Interfax on 25 April that one of the groups in question consists of Arabs trained in Lebanon in sabotage. Manilov also claimed that up to 1,000 Chechen fighters are concentrated in lowland areas of eastern Chechnya ready to launch a new attack on Daghestan. LF [06] GEORGIAN GOVERNMENT ASSESSES FISCAL CRISISGeorgianPresident Eduard Shevardnadze told a government session on 25 April that all Georgian citizens must pay their taxes in order to eliminate the ongoing budget crisis, Caucasus Press reported. He said that at present budget revenues derive almost exclusively from taxes on the legal sale of cigarettes and gasoline, which as a result of widespread smuggling constitute only a small proportion of sales of those products. Tax collection during the first quarter of 2000 was less than during the corresponding period last year. Shevardnadze called for the drafting of a special presidential decree raising the responsibility of local governors for ensuring fulfillment of the budget. He also pledged support and unspecified assistance for Minister of Taxes and Incomes Mikhail Machavariani. Machavariani had threatened on 24 April to resign unless "cardinal changes" are made in the composition of the government. He also backed Shevardnadze's call for an all-out struggle to eradicate corruption. LF [07] FORMER KAZAKH PREMIER'S BODYGUARDS SENTENCEDAfter a two-week trial, an Almaty City Court judge on 25 April handed down labor camp sentences of 3 1/2 years to Petr Afanasenko and Satzhan Ibraev, who served as bodyguards to former Prime Minister Akezhan Kazhegeldin, RFE/RL's bureau in the former capital reported. The two men both say that the charges against them of illegal possession and storing of firearms were politically motivated (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 24 February and 11 April 2000). A fourth criminal charge was recently brought against Kazhegeldin, who has lived in exile in Europe for the past year (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 13 April 2000). LF [08] MORE RUSSIAN PROTESTS OVER TRIAL OF 'SEPARATISTS' INKAZAKHSTANRussian Human Rights Commissioner Oleg Mironov has appealed to Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbaev to show clemency towards the Russian citizens currently on trial in Ust-Kamennogorsk on charges of planning to establish an independent Russian Altai Republic by force on the territory of eastern Kazakhstan, ITAR-TASS reported (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 20 March and 20 April 2000). Russian lawyers have been banned from attending either the investigation or the trial. On 24 April, representatives of Slavs from Kazakhstan picketed Kazakhstan's embasssy in Moscow to protest alleged procedural violations and the use of torture during the pre- trial investigation. They too called on Nazarbaev to intervene. LF [09] U.S. EXPRESSES CONCERN OVER PLANNED MEDIA CRACKDOWN INKAZAKHSTANU.S. State Department spokesman James Rubin told journalists in Washington on 25 April that the U.S. is "disappointed" by two recent speeches in which President Nazarbaev warned journalists not to abuse media freedom, Reuters reported (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 21 and 25 April 2000). Rubin recalled that U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright had stressed the importance of media freedom during her tour of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan earlier this month. He said U.S. representatives intend to raise the issue with Nazarbaev "very soon." LF [10] KYRGYZ PRESIDENT PROPOSES INCREASING PARLIAMENT'S POWERS...In a 25 April address to both chambers of parliament and tothe Kyrgyz people, Askar Akaev again said that the parliamentary elections in February-March were democratic and praised the work of the Central Electoral Commission, RFE/RL's Bishkek bureau reported. But Akaev conceded that mistakes were made during the election campaign, and said a commission has been created to amend the election law in order to preclude such shortcomings during the presidential elections, which he said will take place in December. In response to questions from deputies, Akaev said that the parliament should have greater powers, especially in naming members of the government. He said a referendum on amending the country's constitution to increase the parliament's powers may be held after the presidential poll. He also said that Russian will be granted the status of an official language, a measure which he said will curb the ongoing emigration of the Russian-speaking population. LF [11] ...CALLS FOR REFORMSAkaev conceded in his 25 April addressthat reforms of the judicial system and tax system are urgent priorities, as are cuts in the bureaucracy and measures to combat corruption, RFE/RL's Bishkek bureau reported. He also noted the need for creating a stable banking system and called on the National Bank to improve its supervision of the commercial banking sector. Akaev said that annual inflation in 2000 should not exceed 20 percent, according to Interfax. Meeting the previous day with a visiting World Bank delegation headed by Vice President Johannes Linn, Kyrgyz Prime Minister Amangeldy Muraliev said that his government is drafting a 10-year Development Program that will shortly be published for public discussion, Interfax reported. LF [12] ANOTHER KYRGYZ OPPOSITION POLITICIAN SENTENCEDA districtcourt on 24 April sentenced 61-year-old Beishaly Kenebaev, head of the Djalalabad regional branch of the opposition Ar- Namys Party, to seven years' imprisonment for failing to repay a personal loan, RFE/RL's Bishkek bureau reported. An Ar-Namys spokesman said the trial was politically motivated. Meanwhile some 100-150 people continued their picket in central Bishkek on 24 and 25 April to protest the arrest last month of Ar-Namys party chairman Feliks Kulov and to demand the annulment of the parliamentary runoff poll in which, according to official returns, Kulov was defeated. Also on 25 April, opposition politicians met with an advisor to President Akaev to discuss Akaev's participation in the proposed roundtable discussion between the opposition and the country's leadership, and whether that initiative should be held under the aegis of the OSCE (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 21 April 2000). LF [13] TAJIK LEADERSHIP NEGOTIATES WITH UZBEK ISLAMIST LEADERTheTajik leadership is seeking to persuade Djuma Namangani, one of the leaders of the banned Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, and his estimated 400 armed supporters, to leave eastern Tajikistan as he had pledged to do last October. Tajikistan's minister for emergency situations, former opposition military commander Mirzo Ziyoev, told RFE/RL's Tajik Service on 25 April that he recently met with Namangani, who promised to leave Tajikistan but did not say where he would go. President Imomali Rakhmonov has also charged Islamic Renaissance Party leader Said Abdullo Nuri with studying the situation in eastern Tajikistan, according to "Nezavisimaya gazeta" on 25 April. On 24 April, Tajik Security Council secretary Amirkul Azimov told ITAR-TASS that he had returned the previous day from an inspection of the region and seen no evidence that any illegal armed groups were based there. LF [B] SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE[14] ANOTHER MILOSEVIC CRONY SHOT DEAD IN BELGRADETwo or threeunidentified gunmen killed Zika Petrovic (62) as he was walking his dog near his Belgrade home late on 25 April. The gunmen, who used automatic weapons with silencers, disappeared into the night. Petrovic was the director of Yugoslav Airlines (JAT). He was an old friend of the family of Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic and, like them, comes from Pozarevac. Petrovic belonged to the United Yugoslav Left (JUL), which is the hard-line party led by Milosevic's wife, Mira Markovic. The killing is the fourth this year of a prominent person in Serbia with links to the regime. None of the cases has been solved. On 26 April, police said in a statement that the killing of Petrovic is a "terrorist act." Some observers suggest that Petrovic may have been involved in shady business dealings in oil or other goods. PM [15] KOSOVARS STAGE MASSIVE PROTEST FOR PRISONER RELEASESome10,000 mainly ethnic Albanians demonstrated peacefully in Prishtina on 26 for the release of the at least 2,000 Kosovars believed to be held in Serbian jails. Local Albanian activists say that the number of prisoners is closer to 7,000. Demonstrators told reporters that they believe that people such as student leader Albin Kurti and human rights activist Flora Brovina are being held simply because they are ethnic Albanians (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 14 March 2000). The protesters appealed to the international community to do more to free the prisoners. PM [16] OSCE TO SET UP KOSOVA WAR CRIMES COURTRols Welberts, who isthe OSCE's director for human rights and rule of law in Kosova, told Reuters in Prishtina on 26 April that the OSCE will set up a court in June to investigate war crimes committed during the 1998-1999 conflict. The new body will take some of the caseload off the fledgling Kosova judicial system and pass the results of its findings on to the Hague- based war crimes tribunal. Welberts added that "handling such [ethnically-motivated] crimes has been the weakest link in the new judiciary, which is [compromised] by the ethnic bias of local personnel and the communal pressure on otherwise qualified local judges who feel a gun in their back." Reuters noted that many local jurists are reluctant to take on cases that could put them or their families in physical danger. PM [17] NATO ROUNDS UP WEAPONS IN KOSOVAKFOR peacekeepers detainedfour ethnic Albanians and seized automatic weapons in each of two separate incidents on 25 April. One incident took place near Gjakova and the other in central Kosova. Peacekeepers seize illegal weapons on a daily basis in Kosova, Reuters reported. Some weapons remain from the recent conflict, while others have been brought in from Albania and elsewhere by criminal gangs. In Kosova as in much of the Balkans, gun ownership is traditional among males. PM [18] MACEDONIAN PARLIAMENT DISCUSSES ABDUCTION OF SOLDIERS TOKOSOVAThe government faced criticism in the parliament on 25 April for allegedly swapping an ethnic Albanian warlord for four Macedonian soldiers, whom unidentified men had captured near the border and taken into Kosova (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 6 April 2000). Prime Minister Ljubco Georgievski defended his actions, AP reported. He asked his critics: "Would it have been better to deal with a terrorist group threatening us with ultimatums and to have four [dead] bodies in Macedonia? Would you have been happier if the Macedonian leadership had said it would not hand over the prisoner?" The men who detained the soldiers demanded the release of Xhavit Hasani, a Macedonian-born Albanian whom many Kosovars regard as a hero of the 1999 conflict. The UN authorities in Kosova previously deported Hasani to Macedonia, where he is wanted for murder. The four Macedonian soldiers were freed on 3 April after Hasani was let out of prison on $100,000 bail and allowed to return to Kosova. PM [19] DJUKANOVIC TO VISIT ALBANIAMontenegrin President MiloDjukanovic told visiting Albanian Foreign Minister Paskal Milo in Podgorica on 25 April that he will be happy to visit Albania at an unspecified future date (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 25 April 2000). Milo and his hosts signed an agreement on economic, trade, and cultural cooperation, as well as a protocol on cooperation between the two foreign ministries. "We have opened a new era in relations between our two countries and created the institutional basis for future cooperation," Reuters quoted Milo as saying. Milosevic broke off relations with Albanian in 1999 in response to NATO air strikes against Serbian targets. Montenegro seeks to improve relations with Tirana in several areas. The two countries plan to open a second frontier crossing at an unspecified future date and are cooperating on several joint projects within the EU's Stability Pact. PM [20] CLARK WARNS MILOSEVIC ON MONTENEGROOutgoing NATO SupremeCommander in Europe General Wesley Clark said in Sarajevo on 25 April that Milosevic "should know that NATO is watching, NATO understands what he is" doing regarding Montenegro. The Serbian leader "should also recognize very well what NATO capabilities are. We made sure everyone understands that forces in [Kosova] are very capable, they are very well commanded, they are very well prepared to do whatever is necessary," Reuters reported. Turning to Montenegro, Clark noted that Milosevic has brought in "paramilitary thugs" and placed his political cronies in key positions in the army in that republic. "He deployed forces on the border, he's run exercises, intimidation, he tried to take control of the airport and other facilities there," Clark continued. Meanwhile in Podgorica, the Yugoslav Second Army issued a statement saying that it is simply carrying out its duties as specified in the constitution, RFE/RL's South Slavic Service reported. PM [21] MESIC NAMES NEW HEAD OF CROATIAN COUNTER-INTELLIGENCEIn afresh show of his determination to keep control over key appointments to the intelligence services, President Stipe Mesic on 25 April named Davor Biscan to replace Zarko Pesa as head of the Security Information Service (SIS). Pesa had been backed by Defense Minister Jozo Rados, within whose ministry the SIS functions. There is a fundamental conflict between Mesic and Prime Minister Ivica Racan over the powers of the president and the control of the intelligence agencies. Racan believes that the government must control the services. Mesic holds that the president must ensure that the agencies remain independent of the government. Under the late President Franjo Tudjman, some elements in the governing Croatian Democratic Community used the intelligence services against their political rivals. PM [22] ROMANIAN PARLIAMENT APPROVES 2000 BUDGETWith a vote of 236for, 56 against, and 10 abstentions, the parliament on 25 April approved the 2000 budget, RFE/RL's Bucharest bureau reported. The budget's main provisions are a 3 percent deficit, 1.3 percent economic growth, and an inflation rate of 27 percent. Before voting on the budget as a whole, the parliament rejected proposals to postpone a 30 percent raise in the salaries of its own members until 1 November. The IMF chief negotiator for Romania, Emmanuel Zervoudakis, on 26 April begins meetings in Bucharest to review whether a resumption of loans is possible. The IMF suspended a stand-by accord for a $576 million loan after releasing its first $73 million tranche, concluding that its provisions were not respected by the Radu Vasile cabinet. MS [23] ROMANIAN JEWISH COMMUNITY PROTESTS REVIVAL OF FASCISTMOVEMENTThe Federation of Romanian Jewish Communities, in a letter to President Emil Constantinescu, the government, and the parliament, on 25 April protested against the revival of the fascist Legionary Movement in Romania, Mediafax reported. The federation demands that legal stipulations prohibiting the activity of extremist and chauvinist parties, as well as incitement to racial hatred, be applied to the Legionary Movement. To circumvent that legislation, the movement has not registered as a political party, but as a "cultural organization," the federation says. It has set up several so- called "nests" and publishing houses, it disseminates tapes with interwar Legionary music and has succeeded in building up a following among students and high school pupils. MS [24] MOST ROMANIAN PARTIES BACKING BASIC TREATY WITH MOLDOVAForeign Minister Petre Roman on 25 April said after a meetingwith representatives of parliamentary parties that most political formations back the basic treaty with Moldova agreed to by diplomats representing the two countries. Roman said Romania's purpose in agreeing to the treaty, which speaks of a "privileged partnership," is to "draw Moldova closer to Romania in the long term." He said not all stipulations that Bucharest would have liked to see in the treaty are in the document because "it takes two to agree." Roman declined to specify when the treaty might be initialed by him and his Moldovan counterpart Nicolae Tabacaru. On 26 April Roman begins a visit to Chisinau, where Romania is to take over the rotating chairmanship of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization. MS [25] CIS DELEGATION HEAD SAYS WEAPONS WITHDRAWAL BY 2001'UNREALISTIC'State Duma CIS Affairs Committee Chairman Boris Pastukhov, who heads a CIS Parliamentary Assembly mediation mission to Moldova, on 25 April said it would be "unrealistic" to expect the Russian withdrawal of weapons from the Transdniester to be completed by the end of 2002, as decided at the 1999 OSCE summit in Istanbul. Pastukhov, who visited the Russian contingent in the separatist region, said each train transporting the weapons cannot carry more than 10 freight cars and the loading must be done "by hand," which is very time consuming, Infotag reported. Pastukhov later met with separatist leader Igor Smirnov and Transdniester Supreme Soviet chairman Grigorii Marakutsa. MS [26] MOLDOVAN GOVERNMENT SAYS IT FOUND 'ALTERNATIVE RESOURCES' FORCOVERING BUDGET DEFICITThe government on 25 April said after an extraordinary meeting that it has found "alternative resources" for covering the deficit caused to the 2000 budget by the IMF and World Bank decisions to suspend loaning to Moldova. The cabinet said the resources will come from privatizing the energy grid and the Moldtelcom company, as well as from closing down loss-making state companies. It said revenues of some $119 million could be generated through these measures. President Petru Lucinschi said Moldova will not be in a position to default on its foreign debt, Flux reported. A Romanian radio report said Finance Minister Mihai Manole was "skeptical" on the feasibility of the envisaged measures. MS [27] BULGARIAN PROSECUTOR COMMITS SUICIDEA Bulgarian prosecutorwho recently clashed with Prosecutor-General Nikola Filichev over personnel decisions killed himself in his office on 25 April, AP reported. Nikolai Dzhambov, who worked in a high court, last month blamed Filichev for reshuffling prosecutors without the requisite approval of the Supreme Judicial Council, a body of senior magistrates empowered to hire, fire, promote, and demote legal officials. Dzhambov complained that Filichev had twice temporarily demoted him for unknown reasons. He accused Filichev of creating a climate of fear and tension and said that Filichev and his associates had pressured him into withdrawing his complaints. Police said a note was found near the body but did not disclose its contents. MS [28] BULGARIA EXPECTS LARGE TRADE DEFICITDeputy Trade MinisterHristo Mihailovsky on 24 April said Bulgaria's trade deficit in 2000 is likely to be similar to that of the previous year- -$1 billion. Mihailovsky said the deficit in the first two months of 2000 was $247.8 million, although a $29.7 million surplus had been registered in trade with the EU, which is Bulgaria's main trade partner. Also on 24 April, leaders of Bulgaria's largest private business companies set up the Association of Employers in Bulgaria, which will represent business interests in domestic politics and will try to restore the country's lost export markets in the former Soviet republics and the Middle East. The association demanded that the UN lift sanctions against Iraq, which owes Bulgaria more than $2 billion. MS [C] END NOTE[29] Chornobyl's Continuing Political FalloutBy Paul GobleFourteen years ago today, an explosion and fire at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine spread a cloud of radioactive fallout over a large part of Eastern Europe and triggered a series of political developments which continue today. On that day, the explosion of the no. 4 reactor sent radioactive dust over the Western portions of what was then the Soviet Union as well as over its East European satellites. Initially, Soviet officials reacted as they always did before, first with silence and then with denial. But because the radioactivity also spread to Western Europe and because Soviet authorities were unable to prevent people in its empire from learning the facts about the accident, Moscow changed its approach and began to release some information about the tragedy. That marked the real beginning of "glasnost," the policy of openness that Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev used to defeat his conservative opponents but also one that made a major contribution to the destruction of the country over which he and the Communist Party ruled. At the time, that political fallout of the Chornobyl nuclear disaster attracted almost as much attention as the radioactive kind. But since then, its medical impact--the increased incidence of cancers among those exposed, the mounting number of deaths, and the continuing environmental degradation--has attracted most of the attention. Given the scope of these medical consequences, that is entirely appropriate. But just as was the case 14 years ago, the Chornobyl disaster continues to have three kinds of political fallout which still affect both the people and the governments of this region. First of all, the Chornobyl accident remains in the minds of many as a symbol of Moscow's insensitivity to the dangers of nuclear power and its willingness to put Ukrainians, Belarusians, and others at particular risk. Only a few weeks before the accident, Soviet authorities gave a cash award to an engineer in Belarus who said that Soviet reactors were so safe that there was no need to build containment walls around them. And at the time of the accident, Moscow had concentrated nuclear power plants in Ukraine, Belarus, and western portions of the Russian Federation. Ostensibly, Moscow did so to position itself to sell electricity to its East European satellites, but many in Ukraine and Belarus have said that they believed Moscow chose to do so to put Ukrainians and Belarusians at risk should something go wrong. Both Moscow's handling of the accident at the time and its unwillingness to help out significantly with the consequences of the accident have only further deepened the anger of many Ukrainians at what they see as the latest example of a Russian policy directed at them. Second, Western Europe's insistence that Ukraine close down Chornobyl and its unwillingness to provide the assistance Kyiv believes necessary to create an alternative source of power have infuriated many in Ukraine and in Belarus who expected that the West would help them to recover from this most dramatic of Soviet-era disasters on their territory. No Ukrainian politician suffered as much from this combination of Western insistence and failure to pay as did former Belarusian President Stanislau Shushkevich, a nuclear physicist who exposed Soviet duplicity on Chornobyl in his republic and who campaigned on the expectation that the West would help him clean up this disaster. But the doubts many Ukrainian leaders already had about the willingness of the West to help were only exacerbated by this series of events, and these doubts in turn have affected the attitudes these Ukrainian leaders have adopted on other issues as well. And third, the Ukrainian authorities themselves have suffered a loss of popular support because of their failure to find the funds to help overcome the Chornobyl disaster. Ukrainian officials say that they need to spend approximately $830 million a year just to help the victims of Chornobyl but that they have only $290 million in this year's budget to do so. As a result--and unless something is done soon--ever more Ukrainians, Belarusians, and others are likely to be angry not only at Moscow and at the West but at Kyiv as well, a pattern of political fallout that does not bode well for either the Ukrainian government or the Ukrainian people in the future. 26-04-00 Reprinted with permission of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
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